• Close doors and windows while running the air conditioning. Don't use a whole-house fan or window fan while the air conditioner is ON.
• Do use ceiling fan. It will allow setting the thermostat at a higher temperature and will make comfortable at about 78 degrees Fahrenheit without the ceiling fan. With each degree raise of the
• thermostat, it will save 3-5 percent on the portion of the electric bill going to air conditioning.
• For central air conditioning, shut off registers to unoccupied rooms. And do not shut off too many registers, though, or it may harm the compressor with the increased pressure.
• Don't use "outside air" option very often. It will spend a lot more for the electricity to cool down the incoming outdoor air than to recirculate the already cooled indoor air.
• Keep down the humidity. Use the bathroom exhaust fan while showering. Make sure the dryer is venting outside.
• Central air conditioning systems are more energy efficient than room air conditioners.
• The next step is very important: getting the right size unit as per the need.
• Oversized air conditioner it will run for shorter periods and cycle on and off more frequently. It also won't dehumidify as much so you won't feel as comfortable and will set the temperature even lower. Result: higher electricity bills.

• There should be proper ventilation to the outside for the cook-tops and ranges, especially while
• cooking with gas. But the fan should not be running longer than the need or will result in wasting
• The energy in heating the home. And make sure the fan in use in the downdraft vent is not too large since that would waste energy too.
• Ventilation fans create a slight vacuum. To balance the air pressure, cold air is sucked in from the outside through cracks in the walls, around windows and doors, etc. Then the heater starts in to heat up the cold air. This is why too big a fan leads to energy waste.
• Worse, if the fan draws out so much air that cold air cannot come into the house fast enough to equalize the pressure, an oil or gas heating system may not vent properly. This situation may lead to a back draft of combustible gases into the house.
• The back draft problem is a big concern with large downdraft ventilation fans used with some cook-tops and ranges.

• Choosing the right pan for the job can actually save energy—small amounts per meal.
• Smaller is better. Smaller pans need less energy to heat up. Microwaves use less energy than full-size ovens. Smaller ovens use less energy than larger ones. Then put the pan on the burner that fits it best. Remember that smaller burners use less electricity.
• Every type of heating element on an electric cook-top (coils, solid disk elements and radiant elements under ceramic glass) works more efficiently when the bottom of the pan is flat.
• Convection ovens are more energy-efficient than standard ovens. They continuously circulate heat around the food which distributes the heat more evenly so temperatures and cooking time can be decreased.
• In fact, the most efficient pan has a slightly concave bottom, which flattens out when the metal heats up. The more rounded or warped the pan, the less direct contact it has with the burner so the harder the element has to work to heat up the pan.
• Copper-bottom pans heap up faster than other pans. (And they look neat also)
• The flame on your gas burner should be blue. A yellow flame means the gas is not burning efficiently. Call the gas company to check it.
• Microwave will work more efficiently if the inside surfaces are clean.
• The tighter the fit on the pot lid, the less heat escapes.
• Using glass or ceramic pans in the oven allows turning down the temperature about 25 degrees Fahrenheit and still cook the food in the same amount of time.
• Pressure cookers, which build up steam pressure, reduce cooking time and energy use.

• Switch off light when not required.
• Use a table lamp instead of an overhead light when reading at a desk.
• Replace 40W tube light by equivalent light output 36W (Slim) tube lights.
• Use Electronic ballasts in place of conventional electromagnetic ballasts & Tube Lights.
• Replace filament lamps with compact fluorescent lamps (CFL)
• Construction of a house should be designed to get maximum sunlight & ventilation.
• Use sunlight wherever & whenever available.
• Use only adequate illumination or the work involved.
• Clean bulbs and tube lights periodically to avoid reduction in illumination.
• Clean fan blades periodically.
• Lubricate bearings of motor periodically.
• Use electronic regulators for the fans.
• Switch off fans when not required.
• Use Light Weight/Energy efficient fans.
• Adopt large scale ironing. Avoid ironing one or two cloths daily.
• Always use nylon belt in Grinders.
• Clean & Lubricate grinder parts periodically.
• Use energy efficient motor for the grinder,
• Use grinder to its full capacity.
• Use Washing Machine to its full capacity.
• Avoid using dryer in washing machines whenever possible.
• When immersion rods are used, switch off when water is heated to the required level. Cover the container with a lid to avoid wastage.
• Switch off directional vanes provided in the air-Conditioner when not required.
• Avoid rewinding motors.
• Avoid leakage of water in taps/joints.
• Use energy efficient water pumps.
• Use correct size PVC Piping System, in water lines.
• Use capacitors for water pumps, to improve power factor.
• Avoid frequent closing and opening of refrigeration door.
• Keep refrigerator away from the wall by atleast 200mm.
• Use Non-Conventional Energy Sources liked Biogas, Solar Heaters / Cookers, Wind Mills to the extent possible.
• Periodical inspection of wiring may be done to defect leakage if any. Use Earth leakage circuit breakers.
• Use correct size wires, preferably copper wires.
• Dim the lights where you can.
• Light-colored walls reflect more light and so need less lamps

• Don't spend more time taking inventory every time the fridge is opened. Think about what you want before you reach for the door.
• Get in the habit of keeping items in the same place in the fridge (e.g., milk in the door, eggs on the second shelf, chocolate cake front and center).
• Make sure foods are covered before they are kept in the refrigerator. Otherwise the moisture in them will evaporate, which makes the refrigerator use more energy.
• Let foods cool before they are put into the refrigerator or freezer. Don't leave food out so long at room temperature that it start growing salmonella, botulism or other nasty food poisoners.
• Freezer works more efficiently when full than when nearly empty, so put some plastic containers like old milk jugs with water in them in the freezer to take up empty space

This section will host the information about Energy Efficient Products that can reduce the overall energy demand. It is an effort on part of Demand Side Management.

A compact fluorescent lamp (CFL), also called compact fluorescent light, energy-saving light, and compact fluorescent tube, is a fluorescent lamp designed to replace an incandescent lamp; some types fit into light fixtures formerly used for incandescent lamps. The lamps use a tube which is curved or folded to fit into the space of an incandescent bulb, and a compact electronic ballast in the base of the lamp. Compared to general-service incandescent lamps giving the same amount of visible light, CFLs use one-fifth to one-third the electric power, and last eight to fifteen times longer. A CFL has a higher purchase price than an incandescent lamp, but can save over five times its purchase price in electricity costs over the lamp's lifetime. Like all fluorescent lamps, CFLs contain mercury, which complicates their disposal. In many countries, governments have established recycling schemes for CFLs and glass generally. CFLs radiate a spectral power distribution that is different from that of incandescent lamps. Improved phosphor formulations have improved the perceived colour of the light emitted by CFLs, such that some sources rate the best "soft white" CFLs as subjectively similar in colour to standard incandescent lamps. CFLs typically have a rated service life of 6,000 to 15,000 hours, whereas standard incandescent lamps have a service life of 750 or 1,000 hours. However, the actual lifetime of any lamp depends on many factors, including operating voltage, manufacturing defects, exposure to voltage spikes, mechanical shock, frequency of cycling on and off, lamp orientation, and ambient operating temperature, among other factors. The life of a CFL is significantly shorter if it is turned on and off frequently. In the case of a 5-minute on/off cycle the lifespan of some CFLs may be reduced to that of incandescent light bulbs. Because of their higher efficacy, CFLs use between one-seventh and one-third of the power of equivalent incandescent lamps. Fifty to seventy percent of the world's total lighting market sales were incandescent in 2010. Replacing all inefficient lighting with CFLs would save 409 terawatt hours (TWh) per year, 2.5% of the world's electricity consumption.

An LED lamp (or LED light bulb) is a solid-state lamp that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light. LED lamps offer long service life and high energy efficiency, but initial costs are higher than those of fluorescent and incandescent lamps. Chemical decomposition of LED chips reduces luminous flux over life cycle as with conventional lamps. Commercial LED lighting products use semiconductor light-emitting diodes. Research into organic LEDs (OLED), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) is aimed at reducing the production cost of lighting products. Diode technology currently improves at an exponential rate. LED lamps can be made interchangeable with other types of lamps. Assemblies of high power light-emitting diodes can be used to replace incandescent or fluorescent lamps. Some LED lamps are made with bases directly interchangeable with those of incandescent bulbs. Since the luminous efficacy (amount of visible light produced per unit of electrical power input) varies widely between LED and incandescent lamps, lamps are usefully marked with their lumen output to allow comparison with other types of lamps. LED lamps are sometimes marked to show the watt rating of an incandescent lamp with approximately the same lumen output, for consumer reference in purchasing a lamp that will provide a similar level of illumination. Efficiency of LED devices continues to improve, with some chips able to emit more than 100 lumens per watt. LEDs do not emit light in all directions, and their directional characteristics affect the design of lamps. The efficiency of conversion from electric power to light is generally higher than for incandescent lamps. Since the light output of many types of light-emitting diodes is small compared to incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps, in most applications multiple diodes are assembled. Light-emitting diodes use direct current (DC) electrical power. To use them on AC power they are operated with internal or external rectifier circuits that provide a regulated current output at low voltage. LEDs are degraded or damaged by operating at high temperatures, so LED lamps typically include heat dissipation elements such as heat sinks and cooling fins. The main difference to other light sources is the directed light. Thus illuminating a flat defined area requires less Lumen compared to light sources which would need reflectors or lenses to do the same. For illuminating an 360° orbit, the benefits of LED are much smaller. LED lamps are used for both general and special-purpose lighting. Where colored light is needed, LEDs that inherently emit single colored light require no energy-absorbing filters. This improves the energy efficiency over a white light source that generates all colors of light then discards some of the visible energy in a filter. Compared to fluorescent bulbs, introduced at the 1939 World's Fair, advantages claimed for LED light bulbs are that they contain no mercury (unlike a Compact fluorescent lamp or CFL), that they turn on instantly, and that lifetime is unaffected by cycling on and off, so that they are well suited for light fixtures where bulbs are often turned on and off. LED light bulbs are also mechanically robust; most other artificial light sources are fragile. White-light light-emitting diode lamps have longer life expectancy and higher efficiency (the same light for less electricity) than most other lighting. LED sources are compact, which gives flexibility in designing lighting fixtures and good control over the distribution of light with small reflectors or lenses. Because of the small size of LEDs, control of the spatial distribution of illumination is extremely flexible, and the light output and spatial distribution of a LED array can be controlled with no efficiency loss. LED lamps have no glass tubes to break (some models have a decorative glass bulb, however), and their internal parts are rigidly supported, making them resistant to vibration and impact. With proper driver electronics design, an LED lamp can be made dimmable over a wide range; there is no minimum current needed to sustain lamp operation. LEDs using the colour-mixing principle can emit a wide range of colours by changing the proportions of light generated in each primary colour. This allows full colour mixing in lamps with LEDs of different colours. In contrast to other lighting technologies, LED emission tends to be directional (or at least lambertian). This can be either an advantage or a disadvantage, depending on requirements. For applications where non-directional light is required, either a diffuser is used, or multiple individual LED emitters are used to emit in different directions.

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